Power Distance Concept

Presentation Power separation is a significant idea that was acquainted by Geert Hofstede with assistance in estimating the dissemination of intensity in social orders. People in various social orders relate diversely to the force conveyance perspective. This similarly impacts the way wherein organizations and associations in these nations are run.Advertising We will compose a custom examination paper test on Power Distance Concept explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Hofstede noticed that various individuals have various degrees at which they may be eager to endure vagueness. He, in this manner, characterizes social orders basing on their vulnerability evasion qualities. This paper researches the entire idea of intensity separation. The paper at that point zeroes on power in associations and force in organizations. The Dependence Theory of Power An individual accomplishes power because of another person’s helplessness to the force. A more grounded part of re liance features weakness. Be that as it may, the reliance isn't in empathy (de Lange 8). In such manner, power is taken a gander at as far as the capacity to control or influence others. Reliance alludes to the monetary advancement state, as far as governmental issues, economy, and culture, which impacts national improvement strategies. Incredible nations to a great extent impact a ton of less created nations that depend on them for their endurance. Force Bases Organizations and organizations can work as per their techniques on account of the inborn bases of intensity. Specifically, people in associations can get five unique kinds of intensity, which incorporate coercive force, reward power, real force, master force, and referent force. Coercive Power Individuals with coercive force in associations can arrange different workers to adjust to the anticipated targets. Coercive force is regularly executed through the issuance of discipline. Directors utilize the coercive force conceded to them by righteousness of their situation to have their subordinates conform to the requests. Nonetheless, the utilization of coercive power influences workers adversely on the grounds that it causes absence of responsibility on their part. Associations can control the utilization of coercive force by changing their work rules to permit business voluntarily. Quality administration hypothesis similarly assumes a basic job in affecting associations against utilizing coercive power. As per the defenders of the quality administration hypothesis, associations that training coercive power experience a decrease in their imagination and profitability. An uncertain domain loaded up with dread is likewise made when directors utilize coercive power when managing their employees.Advertising Looking for research paper on sociologies? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Legitimate Power This sort of intensity is accomplished when workers acce pt and concur that their administrators, by goodness of their initiative position, reserve the privilege to give orders. Chiefs secure this genuine force as a result of the position they hold in the organization’s chain of importance (de Lange 8). The genuine force frequently causes representatives to neglect to participate out of readiness, but since they are required to do as such. They, subsequently, do not have some degree of responsibility. Thusly, chiefs need to utilize different methods separated from their genuine capacity to win the full help of their workers. Prize Power Reward power is gained by excellence of a manager’s capacity to remunerate his representatives. Awards to representatives might be in changing structures, including financial or non-money related structures. Utilizing reward power impacts positive execution of associations. Directors who utilize their prize force in an adaptable manner wind up inspiring their workers to perform perfectly. The n again, chiefs utilizing inflexible prizes force may wind up disheartening the laborers, bringing about poor business returns for the firm. Referent Power Managers procure referent force when their workers build up a solid regard for them and endeavor to relate to them. Supervisors with referent force show others how its done in light of the fact that it impacts representatives into displaying their own conduct. Referent force engages workers in the association since they are all the more ready to take guidelines and requests from such directors (de Lange 10). Referent force takes more time to create, inferring that an association may not profit by its points of interest where a high turnover rate is experienced. Referent force may likewise neglect to profit an association containing workers with blended social foundations. Singular representatives may wind up misconception and confounding their bosses, in this manner making a hindrance. Master Power Expert force is procured when r epresentatives believe that an administrator or a partner laborer has more prominent employment information and execution abilities. People might be elevated to administrative situations by goodness of their extraordinary information and aptitude. In contrast to different sorts of intensity, people holding master force may not really rank higher than their partners. While master workers may in any case get requests and directions from different administrators, they issue requests and guidelines to be trailed by different chiefs while working in their territories of expertise.Advertising We will compose a custom examination paper test on Power Distance Concept explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Contingencies of Power The real force employed by directors in associations is because of four principle consequence zones, which incorporate substitutability, centrality, tact, just as perceivability. Substitutability Available choices in an association impact the degree t o which force sources can be changed over effectively. The nearness of choices, thusly, brings down the first source esteem. Like in the standard of flexibly and request, the accessibility of numerous options decreases power, while a predetermined number of decisions increment the force (McShane and Von Glinow 19). Centrality Organizations have structures set up to figure out who among the people or representatives holds power. Be that as it may, associations are probably going to experience difficulties in the manner they run on the off chance that they come up short on a force holder. Centrality, accordingly, alludes to the results of the association coming up short on a force holder. A more prominent result infers more influence with respect to the force holder. Tact Discretion identifies with the degree to which the force holders in an association settle on unregulated or non-normalized choices. A force holder is of less advantage to the association if similar choices he is reli ed upon to make can in any case be accomplished utilizing strategies. Perceivability Significantindividuals in an association may find about the assets that the force holder in the firm has. This is alluded to as perceivability. Absence of consciousness of the force holder’s ownership renders the assets significant to the association, bringing about loss of intensity (McShane and Von Glinow 19). Force and Social Networks Organizations incorporate informal organizations and units where workers discover the chance to relate with one another in different interdependencies. Force is obtained inside the informal organizations primarily by methods for social capital. In any case, there must be generosity for social money to be achieved, just as coming about assets that must be shared among the informal organization individuals. Laborers having a place with similar divisions or units inside the association profit by data that they would not have obtained had the units been non-exist ent. The association additionally brings about perceivability where remarkable individual gifts and abilities are probably going to be found. Interpersonal organizations likewise offer a decent stage for the development and procurement of referent force. Workers are affected by one another as they relate intently and copy their partners who perform well in their roles.Advertising Searching for research paper on sociologies? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More Keeping up ties between various interpersonal organizations in the association builds the advantages amassed by the association. Laborers having a place with one unit increase extra data when they relate with their associates in an alternate unit. Impact Tactics, Consequences of Influencing others, and possibilities Power impact strategies allude to the genuine exercise of intensity (McShane and Von Glinow 20). These strategies incorporate decisiveness, which includes providing orders, setting cutoff times, pestering, just as utilizing verbal showdown. Supervisors may likewise utilize joining to practice power. Here, they may utilize blandishment words, benevolence, lowliness, and consideration while rehearsing their jobs. Judiciousness may likewise be utilized to practice power. Here, the administrator utilizes rationale, arranging, thinking, and bargain in executing his jobs. The trade strategy, then again, includes basically doing favors, for example, exchange favors, to practice power. The upward intrigue strategy, then again, depends on formal and casual interests towards the hierarchical bosses to look for their mediation. Force can likewise be practiced through shaping alliances where people may do this for reasons for securing support from their partners in the association. Impacting others in the association brings about accomplishing certain outcomes, including taking out wastefulness and clashes among the laborers. The supervisor is probably going to comprehend the negative impact strategies. Impacting others additionally increments one’s relational adequacy through proceeded with cooperation (de Lange 12). Decision Power assumes a basic job in affecting authoritative execution and results. Getting power and using it in the most suitable manner impacts positive results for the association. Then again, inability to comprehend and rehearse power successfully p

Discovering Texas essay

Finding Texas paper Finding Texas paper Finding Texas essayThe factors that could bring about Texas changing from a Republican Party rule state, to a Democratic one remember financial changes and expanded segment changes for the district that could significantly build the support of voters in political races. Furthermore, a Democratic gathering could get predominant in the state if there were the open doors for political development, for example, the appointment of new initiative, the changed authoritative structure and different variables. At last, the gathering could get fruitful and command in Texas if countless voters from the Republican Party were pulled in by the Democratic Party during political races. It is important to recall that â€Å"Republican development was influenced by a few financial and social powers that conflated during the 1960s-1970s to empower a rising and well known picture of radicalism as feeble, flippant and failed†. The suggestions at the state and national level if it somehow managed to make this change would be impressive. On the off chance that a Republican Party neglected to win decisions, it couldn't control overseeing associations and organizations. As it were, it couldn't rule the open approach process in an appropriate manner. It is important to recall that Republican and Democratic Parties have their essence at the state and national levels. The previously mentioned change could prompt clashes between overseeing associations and organizations at the state and national levels. In addition, these suggestions could be clarified by the way that the two gatherings overwhelm political decisions on the national level, and they rule races at the state and neighborhood levels. These realities imply that the suggestions at the state and national level if it somehow happened to make this change could prompt changes in world of politics.

Expressing Yourself In College Essay Samples

Expressing Yourself In College Essay SamplesExpressing myself college essay samples are a fantastic way to begin writing a college paper. Expressing myself means you will begin to write a college essay from the perspectives of your own experiences, while also taking into account some sort of principle or theme that is interesting to you. Here are a few suggestions on what college essay examples to use in this regard.I was a talkative, moody person who seemed to have very little self esteem. My dad called me 'the tardy one' at school and told me I'd never amount to anything. I don't like my dad any more than I do anyone else who has told me those things. I learned early in life to be self-sufficient and try to better myself rather than rely on others to make things happen for me. With my second college degree, I'm on my way to being self-sufficient and successful, too.My first college essays reflected more of the problem children that my father was so concerned about. I used to hate s chool. And I knew how to write college essays because I'd already written a lot of them before entering college.After all those years of writing, I still never felt confident in myself, much less in what I could write about. Instead of writing about my own experiences, I focused on expressing myself. Some of my thoughts were about myself, while others were more generalized. I wanted to express myself with my own voice.In college essays about self-expression, students usually write about personal issues that they want to talk about. But if they are going to talk about themselves in the essay, they need to be able to tell a story that they know will make sense to readers. This is why expressing myself in college essay samples is such a great way to begin writing your own.In my next college essays, I will write about career advice, finance, and other topics that I haven't even thought about yet. That's the power of writing. You can express yourself and make your ideas stick in the mind s of your readers. It may be worth your while to read many college essay samples to begin developing the writing skills you'll need to become a good writer in the future.Expressing myself in college essays is about more than learning to talk about yourself. It's about communicating yourself in the best possible light. Many students write about their personal issues, but rarely do they think of how their writing might affect others. And they should.Expressing myself in college essays is about speaking your mind, without having to be forced to do so. You'll find it easier to write a college essay if you get some college essay samples in order to practice on.

In the early 1820s to 1830s, Christian Values re-awaked...

In the early 1820s to 1830s, Christian Values re-awaked the banning of drinking alcohol in the United States. The State of Massachusetts passed a law in 1838 banning the sale of alcohol in anything less than a 15-gallon container. Two years later that law was revoked. This set an example for the banning of alcohol and a structure for other states to try. Later throughout the years Maine passed the first state prohibition law in 1846 , and a couple other states had followed by the time the Civil War. By the turn of the century, non-alcohol societies were common for several communities across the United States. Women were very involved in this movement because alcohol tended to destroy families and marriages. In 1906, the Anti-Saloon†¦show more content†¦Even though there were very early signs of success, for example a decline in arrests of drunken people and a thirty percent drop in alcohol consumption, those who wanted to keep drinking found many ways to do it. Illegal man ufacturing and sale of liquor (known as bootlegging) went on throughout the decade, along with the operation of hidden bars that sold alcohol. These hidden bars were called speakeasies. Also there was smuggling of alcohol across state lines and in private homes people were making their own liquor. The Prohibition era led to a rise in criminal activity associated with bootlegging. Al Capone, the most notorious Chicago gangster earned a staggering $60 million annually from bootleg operations and speakeasies. These illegal operations had a rise on gang violence, including the St. Valentine’s Day Massacre in 1929. On Valentine’s Day, a gang of several men dressed as policemen shot and killed a group of men in an enemy gang. The high price of bootleg liquor made working class and poor far more restricted during Prohibition than middle or upper class Americans. Even though costs for law enforcement, jails and prisons were on a rise, support for Prohibition was coming to an end. With the country sinking from the Great Depression in 1932, they had to create jobs and revenue somehow. They had no choice but to legalize the liquor industry because it would create jobs and revenue. Democrat Franklin D. RooseveltShow MoreRelatedProhibition Of Drugs And Alcohol1492 Words   |  6 PagesPopular belief holds that consumption of drugs and alcohol encourages violence and that the appropriate response is prohibition of these goods. However, a different viewpoint is that prohibition creates illegal underground markets, which require violence and crime to remedy in-house disputes. This paper examines the relationship between prohibition and violence using the historical data and behavior following previous U.S. drug and alcohol laws, regulations, and enforcement on indicators of violenceRead More Prohibition Essay730 Words   |  3 Pages Prohibition nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The success of the prohibition movement can be seen from many different views. It was measured by the prohibitionists many motives, their social make-up, their creative reasons they came up with to promote their cause, and the positive outcomes they imagined possible by prohibiting alcohol consumption. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The prohibitionists had several motives for letting loose their concern of alcohol. The main issue discussed, using theRead MoreProhibition And Prohibition Of Alcohol1007 Words   |  5 PagesAmendment and prohibition of alcohol. The Eighteenth Amendment had made the manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcohol illegal. By illegalizing alcohol, the Eighteenth Amendment attempted to decrease domestic violence, increase productivity in the workplace, and diminish poverty and health problems associated with the consumption of alcohol. Instead it created organized crime, disrespect for the law, and general resentment towards the government. The Eighteenth Amendment and the Prohibition of alcoholRead MoreProhibition And Prohibition Essay1190 Words   |  5 Pages Proponents of prohibition are quick to argue how crime technically decreased in its fourteen years before being repealed. While this is true for minor crimes of the times like mischief and vagrancy, organized crime saw a sharp increase once the Eighteenth Amendment outlawed alcoholic substances. While the Volstead Act was passed to enforce the amendment, and had an immediate amount of success, it was also attributed to an increase in the homicide rate to 10 per 100,000 population during the 1920sRead MoreThe History of Drug Prohibition Essays953 Words   |  4 Pages Drug prohibition was not always accepted as it is today. Indeed, until the early twentieth century, there were few drug laws at all in the United States. Before the Harrison Narcotics Act of 1914, one could buy heroin at the corner drugstore; even Coca-Cola contained small amounts of cocaine until 1903 (Vallance 4). Some of the most proscribed drugs today were sold like candy and (quite literally) soda pop. What caused the sudden shift to prohibition? Prohibitionists often point outRead MoreThe Negative Effects Of Drug Prohibition1297 Words   |  6 PagesNumerous researchers contend that drug prohibition policies actually create more issues than are solved. The negative effects of drug restriction policies include: negative health effects, increased drug effects, crimes at home and abroad, increased violence, misuse of assets and resources, violation of civil rights and excess on criminal and government systems. Heavy emphasis on upholding criminal restrictions on drug creation and selling was also significantly influencing the productivity of illegalRead MoreEffects Of Prohibition On The United States1272 Words   |  6 Pagesadults because it will reduce drug related violence, promote safe drug usage, increase tax revenue, and make permanent recovery from drug usage less difficult. The prohibition on drugs forces people to turn to the black market. Prohibition has created a much larger set of secondary harms associated with the criminal market. Prohibition permits and causes the drug trade to remain a lucrative source of economic opportunity for street dealers, drug kingpins and all those willing to engage in the oftenRead MoreThe Social Impacts of Marijuana Prohibition in Brazil649 Words   |  3 Pageslike cancer, multiple sclerosis, anxiety and glaucoma. The problem is that these people have to be criminals to be able to treat themselves. Social Impacts Marijuana impacts on health Less Jails more treatment The social impacts of marijuana prohibition in brazil are many. The war on drugs, violence, firearms trafficking involved, corruption and many others. Because its so hard to differentiate an addict and a drug dealer by the amount of marijuana they carry, addicts end up in jail. Now, addictionRead MoreProhibition Of The Usa Prohibition2994 Words   |  12 PagesProhibition in the USA Prohibition was introduced to the United States of America on the 16th of January 1920 with the hope of a pure nation that was not under the influence of alcohol. Prohibition was the legal prohibiting of the manufacture and sale of alcoholic beverages, which did not include the consuming of alcohol as you could still keep alcohol that was made or bought before 16th of January 1920. As the alcohol consumption rose substantially before the 1920s, it spurred the temperance movementsRead MoreThe Drug Prohibition Of The United States Of America1629 Words   |  7 PagesThe cohorts of drug prohibition argue that the benefits of the prohibition are self-evident and undeniable. The basis of this assumption argument is that without prohibition the consumption of drug would skyrocket, and therefore, lead to disastrous outcomes. However, there is no evidence on the commonly held belief. The empirical evidence that exists does not support the notion of souring drug consumption. For instance, in the Netherland and Switzerland, where marijuana is legalized, the consumption

Police Enforcement And Community Policing - 849 Words

Introduction Since the surface of Community policing in the 1970’s and making the mark of influence on the strategies of policing throughout the United States, community policing has slowly become the direction of police interaction (Sozer and Merlo, 2013). Originally, having a breakthrough of helping reduce crime in the larger cities of America, smaller cities took the initiative and began the tactic of using community policing in the same efforts to reduce crime in local communities (Sozer and Merlo, 2013). With help from Federal funding agencies throughout the states such as, The Office of Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS), the peak of utilization of community policing was on the right path for effectiveness in the areas (Sozer and Merlo, 20132013). The size of the communities became factors that were not up for discretion, it became rudiments for change in American communities. State Chief Police officers (CPO) and Lieutenants are the first line commanders when dealing with community policing. They are the main leaders and the key to the process of change (Sozer and Merlo, 2013). Community policing is strongly enforced based off consent of the neighborhoods involving the needs, strategies, and outcomes of the communities involved (Brogden, 2013, pg. 2). COP has become the primary need for reform in communities with rising crime rates, helping bring security, but not eliminating the increase in crime (Brogden, 2013, pg. 2). Although, community policing holdsShow MoreRelatedPolice Enforcement And Community Policing1444 Words   |  6 PagesAccording to COPS and the U.S. Department of Justice, community policing begins with a commitment to building trust and respect between police and communities. Many police department and citizens within the communities collaborate and they more effectively address underlying issues, change negative behavioral patterns, and allocate resources. Bureau of Justice Statistics defines community policing as, â€Å"A philosophy that promotes organizational strategies, which support the systematic use of partnershipsRead MorePolice Enforcement And Community Policing1657 Words   |  7 Pages Over the past few decades community policing has become a new trend in law enforcement. A majority of contemporary police departments now claim to use community policing. Community policing builds on basic policing practices with an emphasis on crime prevention and lasting solutions to problems. Community policing was established in the 1970s, but did not become popular until the 1990s. The goal of community policing is to rebuild the bond between citizens and police officers, while at the sameRead MorePolice Policing And Community Policing1513 Words   |  7 Pages Community Policing How effective is community policing? Community policing has several different definitions. In this paper I will prove that community policing is effective by defining, community policing as the police and citizens coming together to create a safe community, stop crime and resolve problems and also urgently responding to the community. Throughout many years, the people’s view of community policing have remained the same. There are some valid causes as to whyRead MoreComparison Contrast: Community Policing vs. Traditional Policing1623 Words   |  7 PagesPolicing in the United States has taken on many different forms and facets in the past 50 years. Although, various modes models of policing styles continue to be introduced, two main aspects of law enforcement have remained constant, (traditional policing community oriented- policing). There are so many different facets, trends, and new emerging technologies in the wide world of law enforcement. First, we will outline a br ief history of the origins and evolvement of policing. Special attentionRead MoreFice Of Community Policing Essay1609 Words   |  7 PagesMission statement, The Office of Community Oriented Policing Services of the U.S. Department of Justice describes community policing as, community policing focuses on crime and social disorder through the delivery of police services that includes aspects of traditional law enforcement, as well as prevention, problem-solving, community engagement, and partnerships. The community policing model balances reactive responses to calls for service with proactive problem-solving centered on the causes ofRead MoreCommunity Policing : An Overarching Law Enforcement Strategy1323 Words   |  6 PagesMidterm: Community Policing Zachary L. DeLuca Boston University Dr. Carney February 8, 2016 â€Æ' Community policing is an overarching law enforcement strategy that works to integrate police departments and officers with the neighborhoods they serve (Carney, 2015). Community policing strives to create a partnership between officers and citizens such that all parties are working towards the common goal of crime prevention and safety (Siegel Welsh, 2015); as described by the Bureau of JusticeRead MoreHow Effective Is Community Policing1225 Words   |  5 PagesHow effective is community policing? Community policing has several different definitions. In this paper I will prove that community policing is effective by defining, community policing as the police and citizens coming together to create a safe community, stop crime and resolve problems and also urgently responding to the community. Throughout many years, the people’s view of community policing have remained the same. There are some valid causes as to why law enforcement leaders consider thatRead MoreCommunity Po licing And Bridging Gap Between The Community And Law Enforcement1649 Words   |  7 PagesCommunity Policing and Bridging the Gap Between the Community and Law Enforcement Matthew Whitworth American Military University Professor McFarland CRMJ203 Patrol Methodologies and Community Policing August 22, 2015 The current landscape of Law Enforcement is as volatile as it has ever been. Police brutality and racism is being highlighted in media coverage daily. In the past year, numerous cases of police brutality have been the central focus of news agencies. The death of Freddy GreyRead MoreEssay on Sir Robert Peel863 Words   |  4 Pageson policing to the varied needs of contemporary society, it was revealed that police departments currently use the nine principles that Peel established in 1829. These principles are used as a foundation for the police to prevent crime and also to preserve a positive relationship with the community. It will be explained how Peel’s policing and principles are being utilized in the modern era and also show his position on policing. In 1829 Sir Robert Peel formed the Metropolitan Police whileRead MoreTheories Of Crime Analysis Spring1300 Words   |  6 Pages Types of Policing Policing is to regulate, control, or keep in order with a law enforcement agency or other official group. It is a job done every minute of every hour of everyday by men and women willing to risk their health and life. To make the job easier different styles or types of policing methods have been developed. Some of the most influential types of policing include community oriented policing, problem oriented policing and intelligence led policing. Community oriented policing

Orwell s 1984 And Huxley s Brave New World - 1821 Words

Throughout history the powerful few have managed to seize control of a state and exercise their power and influence in a manner that inflicts great damage on a few for the alleged benefit of the many. To further their agenda these dictators vilify and oppress a small group in society and justify their actions by claiming that the persecuted group is inferior, subversive and represent a danger to society. This pattern of persecution can be observed as far back as the 1500s in the Spanish Inquisition, in the 1700s with the Salem Witch Hunts or more recently in Nazi Germany. The persecuted in all of these tragedies share in common at least one thing: they fail to effectively express opposition to their oppression. In the classic dystopian†¦show more content†¦No doubt, the issue of equal rights for women (or lack thereof) has been a pervasive problem in our own society, a fact which now tends to be overlooked by virtue of the current improved status of women both socially and economically. Similar to our society, the Handmaid’s Tale portrays women’s rights as an ongoing serious problem that even predates the inception of Gilead. The struggle for equality can be observed by the actions of a few women before Gilead, including Offred’s Mother, who was a stout feminist activist, and Moira, who was often enraged by the inequality of the sexes. Notwithstanding the actions of a few women, however, and while the majority of women in the Handmaid’s Tale, like Offred, acknowledged that the status of women was still inferior, the majority remained fiercely content and violently apathetic, in large measure because of the relative improved condition of some like the Handmaid Offred. Offered is perhaps the most striking. Not only was Offred provided ample opportunity to support feminism and equality, but was also surrounded by feminists such as her mother and Moira, and despite all (or perhaps because of) she remained apathetic. To be su re, some actions perpetrated by Moira and Offred’s mother could be considered misguided at best and counterproductive at worst. For example, Moira’s unreasonable stance on men are illustrative: â€Å"If Moira thought she could create Utopia by shutting herself up in a women-only enclaveShow MoreRelatedBrave New World vs 1984757 Words   |  4 PagesAldous Huxley s Brave New World is more relevant today than George Orwell s 1984. Although both of the two totalitarian societies are based on plausible premises, the Utopia depicted in Brave New World still has a chance of appearing today, while the Big Brother-dominated society created by Orwell, being based to some extent on the totalitarian societies that existed at the time of the book s inception, is simply obsolete. Brave New World remains more believable in modern times becauseRead MoreAnalysis Of Brave New World 1251 Words   |  6 PagesThe TV and surveillance equipment in 1984 was always watching and â€Å"the instrument†¦ could be dimmed, but there was no way of shutting it off completely† (Orwell 2). Most of the people in both societies are okay with the constant surveillance and manipulation, and for this reason, they also do not mind the case system that is implemented into both societies. In Brave New World, everyone accepts their caste, even the lowest ones. The government tries to make sure that people do not socialize outsideRead MoreThe Brave New World, By Aldous Huxley And 1984 By George Orwell1680 Words   |  7 Pagescompares the two dystopian societies of Brave New World by Aldous Huxley and 1984 by George Orwell. He suggests that â€Å"Orwell feared that what we hate will ruin us. Huxley feared that what we love will ruin us† (Postman). The Party of 19 84 maintained control of the people by keeping them under constant surveillance, whereas the government of Brave New World kept the citizens so happy, they never felt threatened enough to put up a fight. Both Brave New World and 1984 multiple methods of fear manipulationRead MoreGeorge Orwell s Brave New World1601 Words   |  7 Pagesattempted to predict what the future holds for our society. If one was to narrow their focus on the past century they would see the works and predictions of Aldous Huxley and George Orwell. Both Huxley and Orwell, as one could infer, composed novels that describe future societies and their inner workings. Aldous Huxley, author of Brave New World, where members of society originate from a lab and who’s lives are pre-determined by the controllers. The controllers of Huxley’s futuristic society’s fundamentalRead MoreGovernment Control Of 1984 And Brave New World1653 Words   |  7 PagesGovernment Control in 1984 and Brave New Worl d In light of current events, society is more concerned than ever about just how much power the government has over people. Individuals are concerned that those in charge might implement policies that could deteriorate certain groups’ quality of living. To some, this may be foolish, but as is shown in some novels, this could happen, and when it does, it is hard to combat. In both George Orwell’s 1984 and Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World authors depict societiesRead MoreGeorge Orwell And Aldous Huxley s Brave New World1621 Words   |  7 PagesIt may be hard to imagine what the future may seem to hold, but George Orwell and Aldous Huxley were able to do so and show us by basing their futuristic stories loosely on the history of the two diverse societies of The United States and Soviet Russia. Yet, the societies in each book disavow history for the most part. Psychological manipulation and physical control as a means of maintaining its power over the people is explo red in both books. They also forewarn about the dangers of totalitarianRead MoreDystopian Society In 1984 By George Orwell, And Harrison Bergeron846 Words   |  4 Pages   Imagine a world in which people were controlled by fear. Dystopian societies are mostly controlled by a mean and power hungry leader which makes it hard for the citizens grow, themselves and have their own thoughts.Some of the citizens don’t really know they are being controlled and others are wide awake but scared to speak up and rebel against this power hungry leaders. The works â€Å"1984 by George Orwell, â€Å"Brave New world by Aldous Huxley, and Harrison Bergeron† by Kurt Vonnegut all have dystopianRead MoreBrave New World, And 1984 Replace The Existence Of God1370 Words   |  6 Pagesare free to worship and praise God s existence, as well as acknowledge that they are constantly being watched by him. This confidence in God creates a sense of security and hope for the community that there is a purpose for their existence, and the world does not come to a tragic end after death. Yevgeny Zamyatin, Aldous Huxley, and George Orwell, authors of WE, Brave New World, and 1984 replace the existence of God with leaders or objects that symbolize their new â€Å"God†. Although the concepts of adorationRead MoreAldous Huxley s Brave New World1080 Words   |  5 PagesComplete Control† Today, one s perceptions of happiness are more often than not associated with material achievements, advancements, or perhaps, love. In Brave New World, however, happiness is based upon the pursuit of stability and emotional equilibrium Aldous Huxley s dystopian novel, Brave New World serves as a warning of the ominous. Set in London, the totalitarian regime instills the motto of stability, community, [and] identity(Huxley.1.1) in its citizens. Huxley s dystopia attempts to findRead MoreA New Dystopia By George Orwell1372 Words   |  6 PagesA New Dystopia Who will reign supreme; Aldous Huxley or George Orwell? Ever since these two authors released their dystopian novels over 50 years ago, both authors and avid fans have argued as to which dystopia will take over our society. Will it be the brute force, boot and gun approach of Orwell s dystopia or the all-loving, drug-accepting society that Huxley illustrates? If you take a closer look, a mix of both dystopias is quite apparent in our society today; we are living in our own modern

Strategies to Overcome Biasness-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Despite even our best efforts to accurately gather and interpret information, none of us has perfect perception. Instead, a variety of factors limit our ability to gather and process information and make accurate judgements. Discuss the factors that limit and distort our perception and contribute to bias. What can individuals and organisations do to overcome this? Answer: Introduction In the current complicated and diverse organisations, it is very rare that two people have same mind-set and thinking. Every individual and organisation has their own mind-sets or views or perception towards something. Perception is a procedure by which persons mentally establish some sort of sensual info in their environment in order to give it a meaning that can help them to recognize why things might not always like the way they are viewing it. In simple terms, perceptions could be defined as the procedure of observation and interpretation. Another important aspect that helps individuals and organisations is bias. In terms of definition, bias can be referred as the inadequate valuation between two different substitutes that typically puts one option in a favourable place and other in an unfavourable one. Perception and bias at the place of work are effected by many features that can outline and occasionally also disrupt or misrepresent the views. Every individual and organisations has their own set of personal appearances such as character, age, gender, values, attitudes, goals, purposes, outlooks, which interrupts how an individual or an organisation understands the world and the atmosphere around them. This essay will discuss the factors that limit and distort the perception of an individual and organisation and lead to bias. Along with it, the study will also illustrate the strategies that individuals and organisations can utilise to overcome this biasness. Factors that limits and distorts the perception and lead to bias Perception and bias at the place of work are effected by many features that can form and sometimes also disrupt or misrepresent the views (Dolgov, 2009). Every individual and organisations has their personal set of individualities such as behaviour, age, sex, culture, approaches, goals, purposes, prospects, which interrupts how an individual or an organisation reads the world and the atmosphere around them. Same personal characteristics can be seen in others which are used to develop perceptions (Sahar, 2014). But the context on which the perception gets developed is also very important for individuals and organisation. When personal characteristics and context are taken into deliberation, it is easy to understand how quickly opinions regarding a same thing could vary from person to person. At the workshop, the insights of the people which they have regarding each other can importantly disturb the way in which an organisation functions. Individuals senses help them to gain basic information about its surroundings and also basic inputs about the world. These inputs or information are used to put them in order in such a way that are beneficial to individuals and their attempts in dealing with the surroundings (Sloos and McKeown, 2015). Individuals gather these inputs with the help of four different stages namely, stimuli, registering, organising and analysing. The last stage of the stated procedure which is the interpretation and analysis is called as perception (Pronin, 2007). The perception of an individual gets distort by number of individual factors such as needs of the perceiver, past experience, emotional mind set and many more. Here are the major factors that limit and distort the perception of an individual and contribute to bias: A cognitive bias is referred to the methodical pattern of the abnormality from norm or rationality in judgment in which implications about the others and situations may be drawn into an irrational fashion (Hales and Johnson, 2014). According to this paradigm, individuals create their own pattern of particular social reality from their insight of the input (Sloos and McKeown, 2015). In terms of definition, cognitive bias can be referred as the attempts of the individual to simplify the information procedures. It is evident that people sometimes takes shortcuts which lead them towards a wrong path. Here are some of the cognitive biases: Stereotypy can is seen in places where individuals and organisations see some certain attributes or traits in connection or association with a specific group as an outcome of their specialisation on a specific culture (Kristovics et al., 2011). Stereotyping is a situation when an individual or organisation judges someone on the basis of their perception of the group to which the person belongs. Halo effect can be taken as the tendency or predisposition to critic or review the particular qualities and attributes from a general notion about just one quality or attribute. Any individual or organisation that works under the halo effect simple assumes a tailored or adapted rational consistency of certain attributes (Howgego, 2015). Under this, an individual is admired for one of his or her trait through which he or she will be rated well on other traits as well. A halo effect is considered as the outcome in an area due to factors derived from another (Kozzowski, 2016). The halo effect is a type of cognitive bias which is an overall imprint of an individual effect on how they feel and think about their specific characters. As for illustration, the halo effect can be seen on the actions regarding the overall impression of celebrities. People perceive then attractive and successful which also tends them to think celebrities as intelligent, kind and funny. According to the Psychologist Edward Thorndike, characteristics included in the halo effect are the leadership, physical appearance, intelligence, loyalty and dependability. Another example of halo effect can be seen in classroom (Karthick, 2010). If a teacher who sees a well-behave student is good in academic tend to assume that the specific student is also bright and engaged with other teachers and students in good manner. In the context of organisation, halo effect can be seen at the workplace (Jussim, 2012). The stated effect is most likely to show up in a managers assessment regarding an assistants working presentation. The supervisor may develop the total perception about the subordinate on a single feature of the worker such as passion. Projection is a type of cognitive bias that develops when an individual perceives some specific attributes in others that are actually his or her own but are not desirable to him or humiliating to other (Pronin, 2007). According to several studies, people who themselves have some specific negative trait rates others very high on the same traits. It is a kind of projection bias that persons are disposed to scheme their present penchant to future penchant prediction and to overstate the degree in which their future liking will bear a resemblance to their present one (Hales and Johnson, 2014). It has been seen in many studies that this kind of trait or phenomenon in different judgement and decision making situations. Some of the factors that influence the projection bias are the endogenous factors that consist of emotional state and need, and the exogenous factors such as weather condition and choosing situation (Vassilopoulos and Moberly, 2012). In simple terms, projection bias occurs with individuals and organisation when they behave as if their future choices will be more likely to their present choices. According to psychologist Alan Marlatt, projection bias hints people to overrate their own ability to battle the temptations around them while declining the attempts to work out the self-control. According to him, people might feel greater self-assurance regarding their capability to cope with the enticement when they are in cool state. It is the confidence that leads people to let them down on their guard (Hales and Johnson, 2014). Projection bias can also get developed interpersonally. When an individual projects his or her feelings onto another person, he or she may make that individual resemble him or herself and could deliver insight to the person. In the projection bias, individuals project their own current information on themselves in the past. Selective Perception is a type of cognitive bias that tends to focus on the peoples attention on the issues that they relate to their own interests, experiences, attitudes, not only in pointing their perception about the others but also in any situation (Hales and Johnson, 2014). Every organisation and individual has some cognitive biases that get developed due to some specific expectations that they may have. Once a person pampers himself or herself in the selective perception due to some active thinking, he or she can relocate this information to long-term memory. The attribution theory eventually explains how people identify the reasons for the other people behaviours. This theory is about how people interpret events and in their minds and relates them to the way they think or behave. Attribution theory is termed as the psychological theory that attempts to explain the behaviour and is very useful in the management of the organisations. Attribution theory is significant for the associations as it assist managers to comprehend some of the cause of worker behaviour and can assist workers in accepting their own way of thinking regarding their own behaviour (Gelfand, Chiu and Hong, 2011). If a person can understand why he or she is behaving in a certain way and could also recognise why others are behaving in a certain way, then that person could have better understanding of yourself, others and organisation. The perception regarding the causes of particular behaviour could affect the judgement and actions of both the employees and the managers. A ttribution theory could also play an important role in the motivation of the employees. Strategies to overcome biasness in perception In general, individuals simple tends to assume that others are internally responsible for their own behaviour as they are not aware of all the impacting factors (Vassilopoulos and Moberly, 2012). Thus, it is important for organisations and individuals to minimise the biases in the perceptions. Here are several strategies that could be used to reduce the bias in perception: The first strategy is identifying and confronting the stereotypes. Changing the understanding biases is a proof that individual is acknowledging employees with a same eye. Though it is usual to rely on the stereotypes, perceptions are sure to result on the outlay of someone else (Attarha and Moore, 2014). It is important to recognise the stereotypes that individuals or organisations are holding. By doing so, individuals will helped to be more aware of them for minimizing their impact on their behaviour. Another approach that could reduce the biasness in perception is by evaluation of the people on the basis of objective factors. The more impartial the information an individual use top judge others, the less their judgements will be theme to perceptual distortion (Karthick, 2010). Another thing that can be done is avoiding the rash judgements. It is evident that human jumps to conclusion on what people are like, even when they know very little about them. It is important that organisations or individuals take considerable time to know the individual properly. The third approach that could be used to reduce bias is by taking the visible action. As an organisation executes its strategy it is important to seek some tactics that are visible and then promote the actions which needs to be taken. But it is also important to state here that changing perceptions needs more than those with negative perceptions seeking what are different. It is important to state that people and individuals must feel the change (Attarha and Moore, 2014). Measuring the progress is also important. It is important that individuals regularly check the views on the basis of some initial critics. By engaging in some of the critics in the strategy development procedures, an individual can diminish his or her perceptions. Conclusion It has been found in the study that perception and bias at the factory are effected by many factors that can form and occasionally also disrupt or misrepresent the views. Every individual and organisations has their own set of personal appearances such as personality, age, gender, culture, attitudes, goals, motives, prospects, which interrupts how an individual or an organisation understands the world and the atmosphere around them. Same personal characteristics can be seen in others which are used to develop perceptions. For reducing the biasness in perception, it is important to recognise the stereotypes that individuals or organisations are holding. By doing so, individuals will helped to be more aware of them for minimizing their impact on their behaviour. The study revealed that for diminishing distort in perception measuring the progress is also important. It is important that individuals regularly check the views on the basis of some initial critics. By engaging in some of the critics in the strategy development procedures, an individual can diminish his or her perceptions. References Attarha, M. and Moore, C. (2014). Onset rivalry: factors that succeed and fail to bias selection.Attention, Perception, Psychophysics, 77(2), pp.520-535. Dolgov, I. (2009).On perceptual regularities and the axis-aligned motion bias. Gelfand, M., Chiu, C. and Hong, Y. (2011). Advances in culture and psychology. New York: Oxford University Press. Hales, S. and Johnson, J. (2014). Luck Attributions and Cognitive Bias.Metaphilosophy, 45(4-5), pp.509-528. Howgego, J. (2015). Cognitive bias. New Scientist, 228(3051), pp.31-32. Jussim, L. (2012).Social perception and social reality. New York: Oxford University Press. Karthick, K. (2010).Organisational Behaviour. New Delhi: Himalaya Pub. House. Kozzowski, u. (2016). The Halo Effect in Banking? Evidence from Polish Local Markets.SSRN Electronic Journal. Kristovics, A., Kinicki, A., Kinicki, A., McShane, S., Kreitner, R., Lamberton, L., Dwyer, J., Luthans, F. and Colquitt, J. (2011).Organisational behaviour. North Ryde, N.S.W.: McGraw-Hill Custom Publishing. Pronin, E. (2007). Perception and misperception of bias in human judgment.Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 11(1), pp.37-43. Sahar, G. (2014). On the Importance of Attribution Theory in Political Psychology.Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 8(5), pp.229-249. Sloos, M. and McKeown, D. (2015). Bias in Auditory Perception.i-Perception, 6(5), p.204166951560715. Vassilopoulos, S. and Moberly, N. (2012). Cognitive Bias Modification in Pre-adolescent Children: Inducing an Interpretation Bias Affects Self-imagery.Cognitive Therapy and Research, 37(3), pp.547-556.

Business and Policies

Introduction Business plays a significant role in policy decisions, since they are major players in the economy which are of great concern to everybody. This paper explores some of the policies made and how business can influence the policy making process.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Business and Policies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Policies the Industry Might Have The corporation should give enough information to consumers through accurately indicating the ingredients, warning on the potential dangers of over consumption of specific foods, and also educate the consumers on the health requirements pertaining food nutrients. Firms should also participate in environmental cleaning acts which will help in reduction of environmental pollution as is done by McDonald Corporation. The firms can also get involved in offering free medical services to the public and also providing equipments to local hospitals. Im proving the working conditions of the employees as Burger king company, and assisting in research for enhancement of technology and agricultural methods will also be a good policy. It is ethically and legally right for the firms to make the consumers aware of the impending dangers of using a certain commodity, as this enables consumers to make an informed decision on whether to consume or not. On the other hand, technological improvement coupled with advanced agricultural methods will increase efficiency and production hence economically boosting the corporations’ activities. Besides, it is an act of philanthropy for the industry to equip hospitals and sponsor free medical services during given period of the year which helps in improving the health status of the society. Privileged Position of Business and Policy Making Privileged businesses control most of the resources and usually use this as a tool to ensure that policies which favour their activities sail through. These f irms can threaten to move their activities to other regions, laying off workers and causing other economic downfalls, forcing government to do everything possible to favour businesses because any economic ill performance is always blamed on the government.Advertising Looking for essay on business corporate law? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Politicians also being a ware of the role business play in the economy of the society, they endeavor to involve them in the policy making process or make regulations that favour businesses which makes these firms have a very influential role. On top of that, as people are concerned about the performance of the economy, the powers of businesses in policy making becomes significantly huge, since many people associate good economic performance to businesses. Globalization Effect on Policy Making Globalization has led to global interdependency which has minimized the independence of internal policy making of governments, thus limiting the governmental control over some issues. Participation on the global arena for business or other forms of investment, limits the policy choices that are available on national level because demand for the governments is influenced by global requirements, this sometimes evens calls for amendment of long standing policies. Globalization, has also increased the influence of foreign countries in the policy making of a country mostly, through the international policy making process. It has been argued though, that globalization has no effect on national policy making and the important point is to have strong governments, which will enforce the rule of law and exercise democracy. The effects of globalization on national policy decisions still remains a subject of debate which requires research to solve it. Stakeholder Concerns on Corporate Governance The company should maximize the returns to the shareholders’ investments, ensure that t he creditors and suppliers are paid as per the agreements and also operate within the legal requirement of their nature of business. In addition, consumers’ interest should be taken into consideration while at the same time working towards limiting negative effects on the environment.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Business and Policies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This essay on Business and Policies was written and submitted by user Audrina Blake to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

buy custom Outsourcing Information Technology essay

buy custom Outsourcing Information Technology essay Outsourcing information technology (IT) services can be the best way, for an organization operating in the banking sector, to achieve quality results while keeping the administrative costs low (Goo, 2010). IT functions that the bank should outsource include development and management of databases, and development of data centers (Bucki, 2011). The IT function of developing databases should be outsourced because the bank has many departments, which deal with data capturing. For instance, in the credit and the customer service departments, the bank may require databases containing information of the legal entities and the physical persons who they deal with. In most cases, first-time customers are issued with printed forms where they fill in their details after which the forms are returned to the banks staffs for processing. Given the huge size of the bank, it can outsource database development and management services to outside service providers. The bank can physically send or fax th e customers forms to the organization where the service has been outsourced. Outsourcing data centre services will assist the bank in processing customers plastic cards. Since the banks size is relatively big, it is likely that its customer base is also huge. Therefore, customers need for plastic cards may be high. The impact of outsourcing the above-mentioned IT services on the banks employees is that, they will be able to concentrate better on the banks core business, which is offering banking services to customers (Bucki, 2011). However, the bank may have to layoff some of the employees: specifically clerical staffs. On the other hand, the impact of outsourcing the aforementioned IT functions on the customers is that, they will have their banking information processed quickly. For instance, while applying for a plastic card, the customer may have the card processed and ready for use in less than 24 hours. In addition, outsourcing database development and management services can enable the customers to have real-time access to their banking information. Buy custom Outsourcing Information Technology essay

Should Red Bull keep on investing in the Formula 1 Championship for Essay

Should Red Bull keep on investing in the Formula 1 Championship for next year - Essay Example The increasing trend of marketing through sponsorships of events is visible to everyone. Around 15 years ago less than 25 percent of events had some sort of corporate support and involvement but today this percentage has increased to 80 percent (McDowell, 1999). These events are an easy way through which an organization can communicate their messages to the customers. Red Bull is a soft drink company that is using sponsorships as a way to market its soft drink. Red Bull sponsors Formula 1 racing events all over the world. They also have many sports teams that take part in sporting events. Red Bull Racing is a Formula 1 racing team that is owned by Red Bull. The company also owns another racing team in Formula 1 known as Scuderia Toro Rosso (Formula 1.com, 2008). The company also sponsors other extreme sport like snowboarding and wakeboarding. The marketing technique of Red Bull is well known and it is known to work for the company. Associating the brand with extreme sports also commu nicates a brand image of the product to the consumers. This is one great advantage of sponsorships of events. Sponsorships of events actually communicate with consumers in a better way than conventional marketing (Meenaghan, 1991). Therefore the efficacy of marketing through sponsorships of events is well established.... It is vital to find the efficacy of this marketing technique in times of financial crisis. This is the main problem that we will attempt to solve. The topic of this research proposal is that whether Red Bull should continue to invest in Formula 1 championships or not in the next year that is 2012. This investment includes the sponsorships of the event and the racing teams of the company. This research proposal will identify the process in which the answer to the above question will be obtained. Aims and objective of the research alongside with a comprehensive literature review on the subject of marketing through sponsorship will be presented. Research methodology will also be discussed in the proposal. Aims and Objective Research Topic The Marketing of Red Bull through sponsorships of sports events like Formula 1 Business Question Should Red Bull continue to invest in Formula 1 championship in the next year? Aim The aim is to help Red Bull make a decision about its marketing techniqu es in the wake of the financial crisis the world is facing today. Objectives 1) To understand what marketing through sponsorships of event it and its importance 2) To seek the economic worth of sponsorship marketing 3) To evaluate the benefit of sponsorships for Red Bull 4) To gain insight on the effect of Formula 1 Championship on brand awareness of Red Bull by collecting responses from customers Literature Review Marketing through Sponsorships Different marketing techniques have been developed over the years and all of them aim at better communication with the target audience. Sponsorship is a way through which a product can be marketed to the customers. Research has suggested that sponsorships do help a product achieve competitive advantage over

Abdull Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Abdull - Essay Example pt to redeem the government from a similar situation, where discussions are on to inject the money previously meant for a promotion in the number of secondary enrolments in the nation, in the financial sector of the economy which is going through a difficult phase right now. The target of the administration is to enhance the GDP situation in the nation that will serve as a gateway towards a stable growth path in future. This study is an effort to disentangle the tight spot, with the help of empirical analyses, availing various statistical tools. The Finance Ministry of the nation had already decided upon the implementation of policy measures to improvise the country’s rate of enrolment in secondary education, as the desired channel of fund inflow. However, the financial shock that overwhelmed the economy meanwhile, and led to imperative demands for financial support from banks around the country, has compelled it to reconsider the outcome of its previous meeting. The deadlock that the nation is facing at present could be logically solved by means of statistical analysis. The idea is to carry on a comparative analysis through estimating a regression equation, with a function of change in GDP as the dependent variable and the changes in both the levels of secondary school enrolments and infusion of credit to the banking sector, as the independent ones along with a number of other variables, expected to produce significant impact on the dependent variable. To be precise, the model being designed for estimation is, The question that might arise at this point is that, what should be the basis of deductions regarding the validity of the above model as well as for the reliability of the estimated coefficients. The subsequent sections will hopefully help the reader to reach a suitable answer to any such queries. The research aims to completely explore the average outcome of similar situations faced by other developing nations of the world and that is why will use

The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll Essay Example for Free

The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll Essay Just as The Italian includes a stone chamber, secured by doors of iron, Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde too contains a peculiar locked cabinet in which Poole, Dr Jekylls butler, believes his master has been murdered and that the person who has locked himself away is Hyde. The fact that these secret rooms are included in the novels, allows the reader to speculate the strange things that might be going on behind the sealed doors of the rooms. All in all, Gothic literature is extremely evident in Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde but at the same time it is heavily influenced by Victorian psychology, which I will now be commenting on. Victorian society was heavily based on power, wealth and culture. Victorians believed they were ethical, moral people and their society was that of an ideal one; however with the amount of crimes taking place i. e. Jack the Ripper this was not the case especially since Victorians were sexist and racist. Even though Stevenson sets his story in the heart of London using such respectable professional people as lawyers, doctors and men of science, what he shows us is a city fraught with divisions. Such divisions included those between the rich and poor, men and women, country and city, science and art, and also good and evil shown to us by Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde, who not only does he represent a form of rebellion against the arrogant domination of the upper classes and government, but also the beast in man. Stevenson greatly investigates the duality of human nature in his novel. This theme does not emerge fully up until the last chapter, when the complete story of the Jekyll-Hyde affiliation is exposed by Henry Jekylls Full Statement of the Case. Therefore, we confront the theory of a dual human nature unambiguously only after having witnessed all of the events of the novel, including Hydes crimes and his eventual eclipsing of Jekyll. Dr Jekyll describes his dual personality as the animal within me licking the chops of memory. The text not only posits the duality of human nature as its central theme, but forces us to consider the properties of this duality and to contemplate each of the novels episodes as we weigh various theories. Such a theory includes that of Freuds theory of the id, ego and superego. The id is entirely unconscious and represents the primitive self of us. It is the self indulgent and selfish side of us. The ego, however unlike the id, spans the conscious, preconscious, and unconscious. The ego is the only component of personality that can interact with the environment. Lastly, the superego is the part of personality that establishes standards of right and wrong. The superego is the ethics and morality behind our personality. In the 19th Century, it was believed that the id was represented by a troll like figure, and Hyde is described as being pale and dwarfish. As Stevenson probes the depths of human psychology and challenges our perceptions of good and evil in society, we are struck by the disturbing face of evil. Dr. Jekyll tries to repress and kill off the Mr. Hyde in himself, but that alter ego is a part of who he is. He cannot renounce or destroy that part of himself. In The Picture of Dorian Gray Dorian, represented by his ego and superego, is in conflict with his id represented by the picture painted of him as a young, handsome man. In Henry Jekylls Full Statement of the Case the story of Jekylls downfall is revealed to Mr Utterson. Jekyll suggests to us that mankind has a split personality when saying severed in me those provinces of good and ill which divide and compound mans dual nature. Stevenson provides us with the message that man has two sides to him not just Jekyll. There are many quotations to suggest this too. Such examples in this chapter include: primitive duality of man, the agonised womb of consciousness, these polar twins should be continuously struggling- this is in fact a metaphor describing our consciousness being like a womb, man is not truly one, but truly two and lastly I stood already committed to a profound duplicity of life. From what Stevenson has produced, I can conclude that Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde cannot easily be seen as having more to do with Gothic tradition than late 19th Century psychology. We must take into account that psychology is a subject matter and Gothic is a style, however I consider the novel has been written carefully and equally in terms of Gothic tradition and late 19th century psychology as I believe the style of Gothic literature has been heavily influenced by Victorian psychology. Some might argue against Gothic tradition being the more dominant argument, simply for the reason that Stevenson has not included involvement of haunted castles and dungeons, two of the most obvious Gothic traits. As a closing statement to this essay, I can admit Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde was published truly as a chilling shocker in 1886 and still today remains as an original classic. Simran Kooner 10HA English Coursework 1 Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Miscellaneous section.

The Relationship Between Pomegranate Phytochemicals, Their Metabolites,

Introduction The pomegranate fruit has become popularized across the United States due to health benefit claims.[1] With the introduction of new products entering the food system, it is important to determine if the phytochemicals touted for their health benefits, due in fact impact physical health in a positive manner.[2] The known phytochemicals found in the pomegranate fruit have been proven to have benefits, but it has not been well studied if the compounds themselves produce the benefits, or if their metabolites formed in the gut are responsible for its several health claims. This review intends to clarify what happens to the pomegranate compounds once it is in the digestive system and how they interact with gut micro biota. The focus of this paper will be the benefits of the pomegranate fruit in local gut inflammation and whole body inflammation. Pomegranate The pomegranate, Punica granatum L is the predominant member of two species comprising the Punicaceae family.[2] The pomegranate tree typically grows 12-16 feet, has many spiny branches, and can be extremely long lived, as evidenced by trees at Versailles, France, known to be over 200 years old.[2] The flowers are large, red, white, or variegated and have a tubular calyx that eventually becomes the fruit. The ripe pomegranate fruit can be up to five inches wide with a deep red, leathery skin, is grenade-shaped, and crowed by the pointed calyx. The fruit contains many seeds (arils) separated by white, membranous pericarp, and each is surrounded by small amounts of tart, red juice. The pomegranate is native from the Himalayas in northern India to Iran but has been cultivated and naturalized since ancient times over the entire Mediterranean region. The tree is also cu... ...ation of the microbial ecology of the human colon by probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics to enhance human health: an overview of enabling science and potential applications. FEMS Microbiol Ecol, 2005. 52(2): p. 145-52. 10. Lee, K.W. and H.J. Lee, The roles of polyphenols in cancer chemoprevention. Biofactors, 2006. 26(2): p. 105-21. 11. Schubert, S.Y., E.P. Lansky, and I. Neeman, Antioxidant and eicosanoid enzyme inhibition properties of pomegranate seed oil and fermented juice flavonoids. J Ethnopharmacol, 1999. 66(1): p. 11-7. 12. Ahmed, S., et al., Punica granatum L. extract inhibits IL-1beta-induced expression of matrix metalloproteinases by inhibiting the activation of MAP kinases and NF-kappaB in human chondrocytes in vitro. J Nutr, 2005. 135(9): p. 2096-102. 13. ; Available from: http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/inflammatory-bowel-disease/DS01195.

Summary of Instructional Problem

In the state of Kentucky Social Studies education focuses on five big ideas that all topics can fall under. These topics are government and civics, cultures and societies, economics, geography, and historical perspective. (Kidwell, 2012) Geography is one of the big five ideas and is extremely important. One of the foundations of geography is the use of map skills. Map skills can include simply reading a map, using visual literacy to decode information represented on a map, tracing a route from point A to point B, and using the information on a map to problem solve and make inferences.At Conway Middle School students in 6th, 7th, and 8th grades have problems with map skills. Specifically, students do not know how to correctly read a map, identify the different types of maps, locate information on a map, and when given a starting point and directions could not correctly trace/navigate to a disclosed or undisclosed end location. For example, when given the starting point for the explora tion of the Louisiana Territory by Lewis and Clark on a map and basic directions students could not correctly follow the path using geographic tools such as maps, atlas, globes, and photos.These are skills that students will need as they progress through their academic pursuits and in life. Based on data collected and a needs analysis there is a need for interventions to help resolve this instructional problem. Goal Statement Students in the 6th, 7th, and 8th grade at Conway Middle school after successfully completing the instructional unit will be able to apply the map skills that have been learned in the real world. Conway Middle School is an inner city, title 1 school. A reality of this is that many students rely on riding public transportation to get to and from school.One of the real world goals for instruction is that students will be able to look at a road map and navigate from Point A to Point B without the need for electronic devices to assist with mapping. The students wil l be able to correctly give someone directions to get from their present location to another location. The students will examine a map of the bus routes in the city of Louisville and be able to correctly pick the buses they would need to get on to get home from any location serviced by the Transit Authority of the River City.Students will use their learned map skills to problem solve using maps, graphs, and charts in other subject areas such as math and science. In addition to these real world applications students will be able to perform at a level greater or equal to 80% correct on a summative assessment given by the teacher that encompasses all the topics from the unit of instruction. The summative assessment will include topics from the desired conditions of this needs analysis. While map skills are a social studies topic they have many applications in other core content areas and within the real world.Many people use them on a daily basis and do not even realize their importanc e. While the goal of middle school social studies education should be to provide students with the skills to become good citizens and prepare them with the content knowledge and skills necessary to lay a foundation for college and career readiness that will lead to successful high school academic endeavors. The reality is that we must also meet state standards and often loose site of the most important part of the social studies content. The part of social studies content that I am referring to is the preparation of students to become good citizens.Learner Analysis Before beginning the learner analysis needs, the researcher feels it important to take moment to introduce the instructional setting of the group. For this learner analysis the instructional setting is Conway Middle School in Jefferson County, Kentucky. Conway Middle School is an inner city, title 1 school. The school is located in the Pleasure Ridge Park community of Louisville, Kentucky. Pleasure Ridge Park is located o n the south side of Louisville. Like many other major metropolitan areas the south side of town is not the most sought after area to live in or be from.Some students are bused into the area from other sections of town. Conway Middle School is home to almost 1000 students of various genders and ethnicities. The instructional unit will be taught in a 6th grade social studies classroom. The average amount of students in the classroom on a daily basis is 120. The 6th grade is made up of three teams of teachers. Each team has a social studies, math, language arts, and science teacher. Throughout the course of a normal school day a group of 130 students will rotate into each content area for seventy minutes.Now that the setting has been discussed let’s talk about the learners. Requisite Knowledge and Skills In the state of Kentucky middle school social studies has no prerequisite social studies skills or knowledge needed to be successful. However, there are certain requisite skills and knowledge that will help all students succeed. First, students need to have reading comprehension skills. The students must be able to read and write within one or two levels of the current grade. Second, the students need math comprehension skills.Math skills might sound funny as a requisite knowledge for social studies but it is true. Without math skills students would be ill prepared to understand the numbers on a map, the dates of events, cost of wars, and even the reasons behind the migrations of millions of people to new areas seeking better jobs, economic success, and untold fortunes. The reading skills are essential because what we know about social studies is made up from artifacts. Many of those artifacts are journals, diaries, declarations, newspapers, books, and interviews that in order to understand them a person would need reading skills.If a student has the requisite skills listed above the teacher can design an instructional unit that builds knowledge from the g round up. Now that the requisite skills have been discussed let’s take a look at the prior knowledge and skills of the learner group. Prior Knowledge and Skills The learner group has been assessed for prior knowledge and skills. A part of the assessment took place when the researcher administered a test/pre-test for the needs analysis in task 1. The teacher has also been assessing the students as the school year progressed.It was found that despite the best efforts of the learner group’s previous teachers many of the students lack basic knowledge of map skills. The students were taught map skills in the 5th grade, but very little was retained. During other assessments the teacher found out that many students could remember some of the words related to map skill but were unable to define them or their importance. The data from the previous assessments showed that there was a foundation to build upon but essentially the teacher was starting from the ground up when design ing the instructional unit.Most students knew their directions but very little otherwise. When given an atlas to assist with the pre-test the students’ average score overall was 52%. The data gathered from the needs analysis and other assessments of prior knowledge and skills will drive the design and focus of the instructional unit on map skills. Now that prior knowledge and skills have been discussed let’s move on to the demographic information of the learner group. Demographic Information The demographic makeup of the learner group is diverse. There are a total of 130 students in the group.62 of the students are male and 68 are female in gender. The ethnic makeup of the males is as follows: 49% African American, 40% white, 10% Latino, and 1% Asian. The ethnic makeup of the females is as follows: 53% African American, 41% white, 5% Latino, and 1% Asian. The females outnumber the males by almost 10%. 55% of the students come from single parent households. The ages ran ge from 10 years old to 12 years old and are of varied maturity levels. With over half of the students coming from single parent households, parental support is sometimes at low level.Having a majority of the students being female and/or African American influences the way in which the teacher must design the instructional unit. The demographics can sometimes make it difficult to design instruction in a way that is both relevant and interesting for all students. Along with taking into account the demographics of the learner group the teacher must account for the learner group’s attitudes towards the topic when designing instruction. Learner Group Attitudes Attitude is everything. When designing a unit of instruction a teacher must take into account the learner group’s attitudes toward the topic, education, and teachers.That might sound like an easy task but it is not. Students bring past experiences and attitudes toward teachers and education into the classroom every d ay. This has a profound influence on the learning environment. For example, almost half of the students that this teacher sees on daily basis say social studies is their least favorite subject at school. Some of those same students attribute this to previous teachers and the experience that they have had. Other students like social studies but hate map skills calling it boring and useless. These students are the ones that make designing instruction a little more time consuming. To combat thenegativity towards social studies the teacher must go out of his/her way to build the relationships with students to foster a mutual respect and hopefully instill a lifelong love of learning. While building the relationships the teacher is able to design instruction in a way that is relevant to each student and interesting. Despite best efforts there will always be one or two students with a negative attitude towards the topic. One way that I have found to make learning fun and interesting is thr ough the use of whole brain teaching. Whole brain teaching accounts for all learning styles and at the same time manages behaviors in the classroom.Speaking of learning styles, let’s take a look at the unique characteristics of the students in the learner group. Unique Characteristics Within the teacher’s class there is a diverse group of learners. They are made up of various ethnicities from many different backgrounds. First, let’s take a look at the learning styles of the group. About halfway through the school year the teacher was introduced to a new to him style of teaching. That style was called Whole Brain Teaching. The teacher is bringing this up because of the variety of learning styles in his classroom.Those learning styles are kinesthetic, visual, and auditory. When the program was implemented in this teacher’s classroom he surveyed the class to ask about their learning style. It was very informative. Over half of the class said that they learne d best in more than one way. At first the teacher was worried. He thought to himself how am I going to teach to all of these learning styles? I will spend all my free time designing instruction. It really wasn’t that bad. The whole brain teaching method allowed the teacher to reach the students that were kinesthetic learners by incorporating movement in the classroom.The visual learners learned by watching the teacher teach, other students teach, reading, and by watching short video clips incorporated into the lessons. The auditory learners heard the teacher teaching, listening to other students during the turn and teach portion of the lesson, by listening to the oral reading of exerts, and by listening to the video clips incorporated into the lessons. The unique characteristics of the learners means that the teacher must design lessons that incorporate visual, auditory, and kinesthetic pieces into the instruction.At times it can be very difficult to design a lesson that reac hes all learning styles. This only takes into account the unique characteristics of a little over three quarters of the class. Almost 15% of the class were/are ECE or Special Education Students. The special education students have a variety of diagnoses that range from Attention Deficit Disorder, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Other Health Impairment, Learning Disorder, Behavior Disorder, to Oppositional Defiant Disorder. Those are a wide range of diagnoses and they must be taken into account as well.In addition to those diagnoses one student suffers from seizures that can be triggered by flashing lights. What does all of this mean? It means that a great attention to detail must be used by the teacher when designing the instructional unit and the learning environment. The teacher has a binder with all of the Individual Education Plans and a spreadsheet to make instructional design easier. When designing the instructional unit and assessment the teacher must take into acco unt the accommodations that these IEP’s allow.Accommodations As stated above 15% of the class is made up of ECE or Special Education students. These students all have IEP’s that allow for accommodations. The accommodations are as follows: extended time, paraphrasing, the use of a reader, the use of a scribe, prompts and cues, redirection, preferential seating choice, and a special behavior plan. When designing the instruction the teacher accounts for extended time by creating fill in the blank note sheets for all students. This way the students aren’t singled out by others.Paraphrasing is allowed for when the teacher is reading the text or lecturing. Usually it is qualified for the students with a statement that starts out with â€Å"in other words it means this. † The reader is allowed for during the lessons and during assessments. During assessments the teacher reads each question out to the class. When that is not possible a qualified special education profession will take the students that require reader to another location to administer the test. The one student that is allowed a scribe has a special electronic device that he carries with him each day.The lessons are scanned into a document for him to complete on the device. Assessments are handled in the same fashion. The students that are allowed prompts and cues receive them throughout the lesson. Sometimes it is just a matter of walking by and pointing something out to the student. At other times it requires a verbal cue or redirection. Two students have IEPs that allow for preferential seating because they have very poor eyesight. At the beginning of the school year I asked the two students in private which seat they would prefer in the front row.Those two students pointed out their seats and have been in them ever since. When the lesson or classroom is moved around these students get preferential seating. One student has a special behavior plan. He is a very smart student . This student only has an IEP because his disruptive behavior sometimes requires removal from the stimulus of the class. All students that are allowed accommodations based on their IEPs receive them. Performance Context The performance context in which the students are expected to use the new skills and knowledge has several locations.Based on the real world instructional goal the students will go be able to go out into the city and do certain tasks but for the class the students will practice these in a safe and controlled environment. For example, one of the goals discusses being able to read a map and give directions to from Point A to Point B. Before this will be applied in the real world students will apply it in the classroom. Am I saying that all the students are going to go give someone directions or ride the bus home? No, what I am saying is that at the completion of the instructional unit the student will be prepared to do these tasks if needed.The teacher has an instruct ional lesson that involves the students using only a map and or atlas to route a family vacation to another state. Through demonstration of using the atlas to correctly route a family vacation the students will have simulated part of the real world goals in a controlled environment. In light of the fact that many students use public transportation to get to and from school the teacher has designed a lesson that again allows the students to practice this real world activity in a safe and controlled environment.For that lesson all the students will have a copy of the Transit Authority of the River City, the city bus company, TARC for short’s routes. The assignment requires the students to examine the bus routes and correctly list the buses that they will need to ride to get from Conway Middle School to their house. When the students complete this assignment they will also have to account for the bus schedule and determine what time to leave, how long they will be at each bus st op, and the amount of time it will take them to get from school to home.One of the performance contexts is in the current classroom and future classrooms. What I mean by this is that after the successful completion of the unit the students will have better map skills that can be applied in this social studies classroom and in other classrooms both in the present and the future. Through a thorough learner analysis the teacher is better prepared to design the unit of instruction to meet the needs of all of his students and prepare them to be successful.

Mapusaurus - Facts and Figures

Name: Mapusaurus (indigenous/Greek for earth lizard); pronounced MAP-oo-SORE-us Habitat: Woodlands of South America Historical Period: Middle Cretaceous (100 million years ago) Size and Weight: About 40 feet long and three tons Diet: Meat Distinguishing Characteristics: Large size; serrated teeth; powerful legs and tail About Mapusaurus Mapusaurus was discovered all at once, and in a big heap--an excavation in South America in 1995 that yielded hundreds of jumbled bones, which required years of work by paleontologists to sort out and analyze. It wasnt until 2006 that the official diagnosis of Mapusaurus was released to the press: this middle Cretaceous menace was a 40-foot-long, three-ton theropod (i.e., meat-eating dinosaur) closely related to the even bigger Giganotosaurus. (Technically, both Mapusaurus and Giganotosaurus are classified as carcharodontosaurid theropods, meaning theyre both also related to Carcharodontosaurus, the great white shark lizard of middle Cretaceous Africa.) Interestingly, the fact that so many Mapusaurus bones were discovered jumbled together (amounting to seven individuals of different ages) can be taken as evidence of herd, or pack, behavior--that is, this meat-eater may have hunted cooperatively in order to take down the huge titanosaurs that shared its South American habitat (or at least the juveniles of these titanosaurs, since a fully grown, 100-ton Argentinosaurus would have been virtually immune from predation). On the other hand, a flash flood or other natural disaster could also have resulted in a significant accumulation of unrelated Mapusaurus individuals, so this pack-hunting hypothesis should be taken with a big grain of prehistoric salt!